14 mol %) were obtained by mixing both co-monomers and performing the reaction at high temperature (80 degrees C). This strategy allowed the control of the V-4 incorporation into the copolymer structure, giving the opportunity of synthesizing model vinyl-siloxane polymers. The gamma radiation of these materials showed that lower doses are needed to achieve the same gel content as in a model poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). In such a sense, these results constitute one of

the first reports regarding the effect of gamma radiation on vinyl-containing silicon polymers, and may be of fundamental importance if a biomedical cross-linked rubber-type PDMS is needed at earlier doses of sterilization. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012″
“The aim of the present study is to compare different analytical methods for singlet oxygen LDK378 and to discuss INCB024360 in vivo an appropriate way to evaluate the yield of singlet oxygen photogenerated from photosensitizers. Singlet oxygen photogenerated from rose bengal was evaluated by electron spin resonance analysis using sterically hindered amines, spectrophotometric analysis of 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran oxidation, and analysis of fluorescent

probe (Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green (R)). All of the analytical methods could evaluate the relative yield of singlet oxygen. The sensitivity of the analytical methods was 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran < electron spin resonance < Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green (R). However, Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green (R) could be

used only when the concentration of rose bengal was very low (<1 mu M). In addition, since the absorption spectra of 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran is considerably changed by irradiation of 405 nm laser, photosensitizers which are excited by light with a wavelength of around 400 nm such as hematoporphyrin cannot be used in the 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran oxidation method. On the other hand, electron spin resonance analysis using https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gw4869.html a sterically hindered amine, especially 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol and 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-pyrroline-3-carboxamide, had proper sensitivity and wide detectable range for the yield of photogenerated singlet oxygen. Therefore, in photodynamic therapy, it is suggested that the relative yield of singlet oxygen generated by various photosensitizers can be evaluated properly by electron spin resonance analysis.”
“The Warburg effect – a classical hallmark of cancer metabolism – is a counter-intuitive phenomenon in which rapidly proliferating cancer cells resort to inefficient ATP production via glycolysis leading to lactate secretion, instead of relying primarily on more efficient energy production through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, as most normal cells do. The causes for the Warburg effect have remained a subject of considerable controversy since its discovery over 80 years ago, with several competing hypotheses.

Equally important are the assessment of treatment failure and the subsequent choice of medication change. This article will present scientific information, as well as information about clinical decision making, about these choices, with emphasis on the changing role of glatiramer acetate in this process.”
“Over the past 25 years, visual processing has been discussed in the context of the dual stream hypothesis PP2 order consisting of a ventral (“”what”") and a dorsal (“”where”")

visual information processing pathway. Patients with brain damage of the ventral pathway typically present with signs of visual agnosia, the inability to identify and discriminate objects by visual exploration, but show normal perception of motion perception. A dissociation between the perception of biological motion and non-biological motion has been suggested: perception of biological motion might be impaired when “”non-biological”" motion perception is intact and vice versa. The impact of object recognition on the perception Blebbistatin of biological motion remains unclear. We

thus investigated this question in a patient with severe visual agnosia, who showed normal perception of non-biological motion. The data suggested that the patient’s perception of biological motion remained largely intact. However, when tested with objects constructed of coherently moving dots (“”Shape-from-Motion”"), recognition was severely impaired. The results are discussed in the context of possible mechanisms of biological motion perception.”
“Primary adrenal insufficiency, or Addison disease, has many causes, the most common of which is autoimmune adrenalitis. Autoimmune adrenalitis results from destruction of the adrenal cortex, which leads to deficiencies in glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and adrenal androgens. In the Selleck Tozasertib United States and Western Europe, the estimated prevalence of Addison disease is one in 20,000 persons; therefore, a high clinical suspicion is needed to. avoid misdiagnosing

a life-threatening adrenal crisis (i.e., shock, hypotension, and volume depletion). The clinical manifestations before an adrenal crisis are subtle and can include hyperpigmentation, fatigue, anorexia, orthostasis, nausea, muscle and joint pain, and salt craving. Cortisol levels decrease and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels increase. When clinically suspected, patients should undergo a cosyntropin stimulation test to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment of primary adrenal insufficiency requires replacement of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. During times of stress (e.g., illness, invasive surgical procedures), stress-dose glucocorticoids are required because destruction of the adrenal glands prevents an adequate physiologic response.

Vascular reconstruction in monolateral dual kidney transplantation with multiple arteries. ?Clin Transplant 2011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2011.01537.x. (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract:

We report the results of monolateral dual kidney transplantation with grafts with multiple arteries. Among the 42 monolateral DKT performed in a seven-yr period, 12 (28.5%) patients received renal grafts with multiple arteries. In six patients, the accessory arteries were anastomosed end-to-side or side-to-side on the aortic click here patch. In six patients, with three or more accessory arteries, a vascular reconstruction with an inferior vena cava patch was performed, before implanting the kidney. There were no intraoperative complications in the entire series, and there were no immediate vascular complications. Vascular reconstruction of kidneys with multiple arteries may be CA4P performed safely even in monolateral dual kidney transplantation. Inferior vena cava may be an attractive alternative in vascular reconstruction for kidneys with multiple arteries.”
“Magnetic nanofluids consisting of fluids suspended with magnetic materials are of current interest and have potential applications in both energy related and biomedical fields. In this paper, we present a novel magnetic nanofluid obtained

by dispersing silicon dioxide (SiO2) coated on magnetite (Fe3O4) particle decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) ([email protected]/MWNTs) in de-ionized water.

As compared to a magnetite decorated MWNT based nanofluid, the present system shows better stability and thermal properties without the use of any surfactants. Fe3O4/MWNTs and [email protected]/MWNTs have been synthesized via a simple chemical reduction technique and dispersed in de-ionized water via ultrasonication. Dispersed CYT387 cost de-ionized water based nanofluids containing Fe3O4/MWNTs with surfactant and [email protected]/MWNTs without surfactant show a thermal conductivity enhancement of 20% and 24.5%, respectively, for a volume fraction of 0.03% in the presence of magnetic field. The enhancement in the thermal conductivity has been observed for other volume fractions also. The increase in the thermal conductivity of these nanofluids can be attributed to the chain formation of magnetic nanomaterials in the base fluid in the presence of magnetic field. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3642974]“
“Depression is associated with higher rates of suicide and lower quality of life in individuals with epilepsy. We previously published the 12-month outcome from our randomized clinical trial of PEARLS (Ciechanowski P. Chaytor N, Miller J, et al. Epilepsy Behav. Epub 5 July 2010). The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term effectiveness of PEARLS, a home-based collaborative care intervention consisting of problem-solving treatment, behavioral activation, and psychiatric consultation, in individuals with epilepsy.

The language skills of the individual cases were also profiled. At the group level, language skill failed to differentiate the 2 groups of children. At an individual level, however,

only 1 of the 4 children treated with risk-adapted treatments presented with intact language skills. Variable language profiles were identified in the remaining 3 children. The presence of hydrocephaly was a consistent factor in reduced language outcomes. The findings highlight the importance of prospective language monitoring.”
“Histologic analysis remains the gold standard for diagnosis of melanoma. The pathology report should document those histologic features important for guiding patient selleck compound management, including those characteristics on which the diagnosis was based and also prognostic factors. Pathologic examination of sentinel lymph nodes provides very important prognostic information. New techniques, such as comparative genomic hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization are currently being studied to determine their usefulness in the diagnosis of melanocytic lesions. Recent molecular studies have opened new avenues for the treatment NCT-501 of patients with

metastatic melanoma (ie, targeted therapies) and molecular pathology is likely to play an important role in the emerging area of personalized melanoma therapy.”
“The objective of this study was to define potential clinical prognostic factors for term infants with neonatal seizures subsequent to intrapartum asphyxia. The authors completed a retrospective analysis of 62 term infants with clinical neonatal seizures subsequent to intrapartum asphyxia. Logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the independent prognostic indicators of an adverse outcome. A total of 23

(37%) infants had a normal outcome, 34 (55%) survived with 1 or more neurodevelopmental impairments (23 cerebral palsy, 28 global developmental delay, 15 epilepsy, with 18 combination of two, and 9 all three), Rocilinostat and 5 (8%) died. Six variables were associated with an adverse outcome, but only the presence of meconium aspiration, a low (<= 3) 1-minute Apgar score, seizure type other than focal clonic, and moderately severely abnormal electroencephalography (EEG) background findings were independently associated with an adverse outcome. Signs of acute distress are predictors of adverse outcome, alongside seizure semiology and moderate to severe EEG background abnormalities.”
“The surgical management of primary cutaneous melanoma, from the diagnostic biopsy through the wide local excision and nodal staging, must be carefully planned, and the biology of the melanoma, microstaging and primary tumor pathologic features of the melanoma, location on the body, patient preferences, and comorbidities must be considered.

Only one-fifth were ranked “”superior”" for ease of use and comprehensibility.

Conclusions: Most written materials have a readability level that is too high and require improvement in ease of use and comprehensibility for the majority of readers.”
“Treatment with antitumor necrosis factor-alpha (anti-TNF-alpha) offers a significant improvement in several immune-based diseases,

selleck chemicals including Crohn’s disease (CD) and psoriasis. Different cutaneous side effects have been described for anti-TNF-a therapy such as psoriasis. Previous reports showed that inhibition of TNF-alpha can induce over expression of cutaneous IFN-alpha, which in turn caused a predisposition to psoriasis. We report a 31-year-old woman with extensive CD and perianal lesions, without response to conventional treatment. She paradoxically developed a cutaneous GSK1120212 cost eruption with psoriasiform morphology and distribution during treatment with both anti-TNF-alpha approved in Europe for CD, infliximab and adalimumab. These lesions cleared after topical application of corticosteroids and cessation of the anti-TNF-alpha treatment. Due to uneffectiveness of pharmacological treatment on disease, the patient had to undergo surgery. TNF-induced psoriasis in patients with CD is rare and has been previously

documented with infliximab or adalimumab. The reason for this apparently paradoxical effect of the therapy is still unclear. This is the first case of psoriasis induced first by infliximab and later by adalimumab in the same CD patient. We would like to review and to draw attention about psoriasis SN-38 mouse as a cutaneous side effect with anti-TNF-a treatments. (C) 2010 European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Background: In a low socioeconomic-status population of Latina women, we evaluated the potential of storytelling (ST) as a culturally aligned narrative method to promote colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention and screening, compared to a risk tool (RT)-based intervention.

Methods: Seventy-eight women

were randomized in this pilot study to one of two brief interventions to communicate CRC risk reduction options: ST or an RT. Measures of behavioral intentions relative to CRC prevention and screening were obtained following the intervention.

Results: Mean scores for intent to obtain and recommend endoscopy to others were significantly better for participants receiving ST than RT (P = .038 and P = .011, respectively). All participants expressed intent to increase fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity in response to interventions. Post-intervention perceptions of cancer risk and fear of CRC were not significantly different for participants receiving ST compared with RT. Pre- to post-intervention perceptions of risk increased in ST and decreased in RT, while decreases in fear were similar across both intervention groups.

The statistical analysis revealed highly

significant differences in skin color (p = 0.002) and a weak significant differences in gender (p = 0.052) distribution between the two groups.

Conclusion: 16.6% of the studied population showed elevated frequencies of chromosomal abnormalities, which is highly likely to be correlated with their exposure to BTX during their work. Therefore, further studies are needed for better characterize the work associated damage of the genome in gas station workers. It is necessary to better understand the risks that these workers are exposed, so that we can be effective in preventing diseases and maintaining the health of these workers and possibly the Pfizer Licensed Compound Library in vitro offspring.”
“Objective. The aim was to study the utility of color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) in diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy in oral cancer patients.

Study MAPK inhibitor design. In a prospective study, 70 cervical lymph nodes in 30 known primary oral cancer patients were evaluated with CDUS during a period of 8 months. The intranodal perfusion sites and vascular resistance were the key CDUS features used to differentiate between reactive and metastatic cervical lymph nodes. Histopathologic confirmations

were obtained by excisional biopsy of the lymph nodes. The results of preoperative clinical palpation of cervical lymph nodes and CDUS evaluation were compared with histopathologic outcome.

Results. Clinical evaluation suspected 61 cervical lymph nodes to be malignant. According to the CDUS, out of 70 nodes, 49 lymph nodes showed features of benign lymphadenopathy and 21 lymph nodes showed features of malignant lymphadenopathy, whereas histopathologic evaluations were in favor of reactive for 57 (81.42%) and for malignant lymphadenopathy in 13 (18.57%).

Conclusion. Selleckchem HDAC inhibitor The CDUS evaluation was found to be highly significant with a sensitivity of 92.90% and a specificity of 84.21%, after comparing the CDUS findings with histopathologic findings. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009; 108: 255-263)”
“A number of commonly employed experimental methods used to determine the mu tau product in the semiconductor CdZnTe were investigated. The objective was to determine possible differences

in results inherent in the techniques. A pixelated and two planar devices were studied using various distinct methods together with different excitation sources and amplifier shaping times. Variations in the results up to a factor of 5 were found. Variations due to shaping times, particle type, and energy were evident. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3428475]“
“Background: Whole arm t(9;13)(p11;p12) translocations are rare and have been described only a few times; all of the previously reported cases were familial.

Results: We present here an infertile male carrier with a whole-arm reciprocal translocation dic(9;13)(p11.2;p12) revealed by GTG-, C-, and NOR-banding karyotypes with no mature sperm cells in his ejaculate.

It can be used to assess perceived rehabilitation needs for individuals with schizophrenia in Hong Kong. Upon further validations, it may be applied in other Chinese societies such as Singapore and the mainland. Similar research

methodology can also be used for assessing needs in other types of psychiatric disability groups.”
“The mechanisms underlying the neurotoxicology of endemic fluorosis still remain obscure. To explore lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by fluoride, human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells Smad inhibitor were incubated with sodium fluoride (NaF, 20, 40, 80 mg/L) for 24 h, with 40 mg/L NaF for 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 h, and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), ethyleneglycol-bis-(-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), 1,2-bis(O-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid tetra(acetoxymethyl) ester (BAPTA-AM) alone or combined with fluoride (40 mg/L) respectively for 12 h in vitro. The results showed that the LDH levels in the 40 and 80 mg/L fluoride-treated groups were significantly CT99021 purchase higher than that of the control group (in the test level of 0.05, the difference were statistical significance). [Ca2+]i and ROS reached a peak at 3 h and 12 h respectively after exposure to 40 mg/L fluoride. Fluoride coincubated with NAC (antioxidant) dramatically decreased ROS and LDH

levels compared with the fluoride only group (in the test level of 0.05, the difference were statistical significance). However, fluoride-induced increase in [Ca2+]i was not affected by NAC. BAPTA-AM (intracellular calcium chelator) markedly lowered fluoride-induced increase of [Ca2+]i, ROS 3-MA mouse and LDH levels while EGTA (extracellular calcium chelator) have no effects on them. These results indicate that fluoride-related Ca2+ release from the site of intracellular calcium storage causes the elevation of ROS contributing to the cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ

Toxicol, 2013.”
“Recent and compelling investigation has expanded our view of the biological settings in which the products of nonenzymatic glycation and oxidation of proteins and lipids – the advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) – form and accumulate. Beyond diabetes, natural ageing and renal failure, AGEs form in inflammation, oxidative stress and in ischaemia – reperfusion. The chief signal transduction receptor for AGEs – the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) – is a multiligand-binding member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. In addition to AGEs, RAGE binds certain members of the S100/calgranulin family, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and beta-amyloid peptide and beta-sheet fibrils. Recent studies demonstrate beneficial effects of RAGE antagonism and genetic deletion in rodent models of atherosclerosis and ischaemia reperfusion injury in the heart and great vessels.

(C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 122: 64-75, 2011″
“To date, no study has characterized the association between neighborhood poverty, racial composition and deceased donor kidney waitlist. Using the United States Renal Data System data linked to 2000 U.S. Census Data, we examined Whites (n = 152 788) and Blacks (n = 130 300) initiating dialysis between January 2000 and December 2006. Subjects’ neighborhoods were divided into nine strata based on the percent of Black residents and percent poverty. Cox proportional

hazards were used to determine the association between time to waitlist and neighborhood characteristics after adjusting for demographics and comorbid conditions. Individuals from poorer neighborhoods had a consistently lower likelihood of being waitlisted. This association was synergistic with neighborhood racial composition for Blacks,

SN-38 solubility dmso but not for Whites. Blacks in poor, predominantly Black neighborhoods (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.57, Nirogacestat price 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.53-0.62) were less likely to appear on transplant waitlist than those in wealthy, predominantly Black neighborhoods (HR 0.80, CI 0.67-0.96) and poor, predominantly White neighborhoods (HR 0.79, CI 0.70-0.89). All were all less likely to be waitlisted than their Black counterparts in wealthy, predominantly White or mixed neighborhoods (p < 0.05). Interventions targeted at individuals in poor and minority neighborhoods may represent an opportunity to improve equitable access to the deceased donor kidney waitlist.”
“Micron scale ferromagnetic tubes placed on the ends of ferromagnetic CoTaZr spin waveguides are explored in order to enhance the excitation of backward volume magnetostatic spin waves. The tubes produce a closed magnetic circuit about the signal line of the coplanar waveguide find more and are, at the same time, magnetically contiguous with the spin waveguide. This results in a ten-fold increase in spin wave amplitude. However, the tube geometry distorts the magnetic field near the

spin waveguide, and relatively high biasing magnetic fields are required to establish well-defined spin waves. Only the lowest (uniform) spin wave mode is excited. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3559475]“
“The synthesis of tetrakis- derivatives of bisphenol-A containing azo groups at their 2,2′,6,6′-positions is reported. Novel examples of bisphenol-A, coupled with diazonium salts and derived from 4-phenylazoaniline and 5-(4-aminophenylazo)-25,26,27-tribenzoyloxy-28-hydroxycalix [4]arene, have been synthesized. It has been observed that the coupling reaction of diazonium salt obtained from 4-phenylazoaniline with bisphenol-A gives tetrakis- while those derived from 5-(4-aminophenylazo)-25,26,27-tribenzoyloxy-28-hydroxycalix [4] arene give partially substituted bisphenol-A analogues.

Therefore, this review aimed to summarize study results and depict recommended medical treatments

for the most common motor and nonmotor symptoms in PD. Additionally, emerging new therapeutic options such as continuous pump therapies, eg, with apomorphine or parenteral levodopa, or the implantation of electrodes for deep brain stimulation were also considered.”
“Background: This post hoc subgroup analysis of a randomized, double-blind trial evaluated the response to treatment with two long-acting injectable atypical antipsychotics, ie, paliperidone palmitate and risperidone long-acting injectable (RLAI), in subjects with schizophrenia experiencing clinically significant symptoms despite recent treatment with oral risperidone only or other oral antipsychotics.

Methods: Adult subjects were eligible for the 13-week, double-blind,

double-dummy trial (NCT00589914) if they had an established diagnosis of Smoothened Agonist schizophrenia for at least one year and a Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Staurosporine cell line (PANSS) total score of 60-120 inclusive at screening. Subjects received either paliperidone palmitate (234 mg, day 1; 156 mg, day 8; then once-monthly flexible dosing) or RLAI (25-50 mg biweekly, with oral risperidone supplementation on days 1-28), plus matched placebo injections/tablets.

Results: This post hoc analysis reports data on 747 subjects who, within 2 weeks of starting double-blind study medication, had reportedly received oral risperidone only (paliperidone palmitate group, n = 126; RLAI group, n = 107), other oral antipsychotics (paliperidone palmitate group, n = 199; RLAI group, n = 203), or no antipsychotic (paliperidone palmitate group, n = 56; RLAI group, n = 56). Mean PANSS total scores improved significantly JNJ-26481585 mw at end point across all subgroups (mean change from baseline ranged from -17.5 to -19.5, all P < 0.0001). Clinical Global Impression-Severity and Personal and Social Performance scale measures also significantly improved from baseline (all P <

0.0001).

Conclusion: Treatment with paliperidone palmitate or RLAI resulted in a significant reduction in the symptoms of schizophrenia irrespective of previous recent treatment with oral risperidone only or other oral antipsychotics. For subjects who had previously received oral risperidone only, the difference in formulation was the main change in the intervention because the molecule delivered remained the same or similar. These data support the contribution of a long-acting formulation to improving the treatment response and suggest that nonadherence may be a significant contributor to inadequate efficacy of oral formulations in subjects with schizophrenia.”
“Background: Migraine without aura is a primary headache which is frequent and disabling in the developmental age group.

Interventions included bronchoscopy, lymph node biopsy and mediastinoscopy.

RESULTS: Patient age ranged from 1 to 75 years; the majority were females and from minority ethnic groups. Contact history was positive in 76% of cases. Coughwas the most common symptom (50%); however, asymptomatic patients were also common (45%). Heaf test was positive in 99%. Right paratracheal

lymphadenopathy was common on chest X-ray and chest CT scan. Mediastinoscopy was performed in only 37 patients with definitive diagnosis.

CONCLUSION: MT should be suspected in adult asymptomatic immigrants presenting with mediastinal adenopathy and a strongly positive Raf inhibitor Heaf test. Trial of anti-tuberculosis treatment should be initiated and response should guide further management. Mediastinoscopy is required in only a minority of patients.”
“The three major techniques for a gastrostomy in children are open gastrostomy (OG), Pinometostat concentration percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and laparoscopic-assisted gastrostomy. Here, we have evaluated the outcome after OG and PEG in 69 children operated in Kuopio University Hospital.

The medical records of 69 consecutive

children who had either PEG (n = 56) or OG (n = 13) over an 18-year period (1990-2008) were reviewed.

There was no difference between the PEG- and OG-groups in the patients’ characteristics, indications for tube placement and hospital stay. Geneticin The mean procedure time was 43 min shorter in the PEG-group (28 +/- 38 min) than in the OG-group (71 +/- 58 min) (P = 0.003).

Four children (8%) in the PEG-group and one (8%) in the OG-group required later surgical interventions related to gastrostomy. Severe gastro-oesophageal reflux (GER) necessitating fundoplication was detected in 15 children (27%) in the PEG-group and in 7 children (54%) in the OG-group (P = 0.06).

The results of this study indicated a higher incidence for severe GER leading to fundoplication in children with OG, while no difference with complications and clinical outcome between the two techniques, OG and PEG, were observed.”
“OBJECTIVE: To characterise the prognosis and identify factors contributing to mortality in patients with tuberculous destroyed lung (TDL).

DESIGN: Following a retrospective review of clinical data and radiographic findings, 169 patients with TDL were enrolled in this study. All patients were graded on a 4-point scale (field score 1-4) based on the extent of destroyed lung parenchyma on chest radiography.

RESULTS: The mean patient age was 64 years (range 33 90); 103 (61%) were male. The median number of hospitalisations was 1 (range 0-11) during follow-up, with a mean duration of 31 months (range 0-172).