Using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by in-gel proteolytic digestion and mass spectrometric analysis, we identified 13 proteins affected by CTGF. Several of the CTGF- induced proteins, such as pro-alpha ( I) collagen and cytoskeletal proteins vinculin,
moesin, and ezrin, are known to be elevated in pulmonary fibrosis, whereas 9 of 13 proteins have not been studied in pulmonary fibrosis and are, therefore, novel CTGF- responsive molecules that may have important roles in ILD. Our study demonstrates that 1 of the novel AZD8186 price CTGF- induced proteins, IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein ( IQGAP) 1, is elevated in lung fibroblasts isolated from scleroderma patients with ILD. IQGAP1 is a scaffold protein that plays a pivotal role in regulating migration of endothelial and epithelial cells. Scleroderma lung fibroblasts and normal lung fibroblasts treated with CTGF demonstrated increased rate of migration in a wound healing assay. Depletion of IQGAP1 expression by small interfering RNA inhibited CTGF- induced migration and MAPK
ERK1/2 phosphorylation BYL719 solubility dmso in lung fibroblasts. MAPK inhibitor U0126 decreased CTGF- induced cell migration and did not interfere with CTGF- induced IQGAP1 expression, suggesting that MAPK pathway is downstream of IQGAP1. These findings further implicate the importance of CTGF in lung tissue repair and fibrosis and propose that CTGF- induced migration of lung fibroblasts to the damaged tissue is mediated via IQGAP1 and MAPK signaling pathways.”
“Interferon (IFN) response is the first line find more of host defense against virus infection. The recent years have witnessed tremendous progress in understanding of fish IFN antiviral response. Varied number of IFN genes has been identified in different fish species but obviously, they do not show a one-to-one orthologous relationship with mammalian IFN homologs. These genes are divided into two groups with different abilities to induce downstream gene expression through binding to different receptor complexes. Consistently,
some fish IFN-stimulated genes such as Mx and PKR have been confirmed for their antiviral effects. In this review, we focus on how fish cells respond to IFNs and how fish IFNs are triggered through TLR pathway and RLR pathway. We highlight the roles of IRF3 and IRF7 in activation of fish IFN response. In addition, the unique mechanisms underlying IRF3/7-dependent fish IFN response and auto-regulation of fish IFN gene expression are discussed. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The impact of quercetin on the mRNA expression of hepatic enzymes involved in drug metabolism was evaluated with a DNA microarray and real-time PCR. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an experimental diet containing either 0, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 g/kg of quercetin for 15 days.