The corresponding rates among those who received counseling selleck Idelalisib were 17% and 21%. The treatment effect was statistically significant in both groups (p < .05 among African Americans; p < .001 among non-Hispanic Whites). The trend toward lower quitting rates among African Americans in both treatment groups was not significant. In the 7-month follow-up of smokers from the two states and district who enrolled in counseling during 2006�C2007, there were no significant differences between African Americans and non-Hispanic Whites in reported 30-day point prevalence of abstinence from smoking among respondents: 24% versus 27% in Texas, 29% versus 27% in Louisiana, and 23% versus 23% in DC. Among African Americans in all three locations, there were no significant differences in reported abstinence as a function of gender; 30%�C36% of the African Americans were male.

Further analyses examined satisfaction with the service. The mean satisfaction levels among African Americans on a 4-point scale were 3.5 in Texas, 3.3 in Louisiana, and 3.3 in DC. Corresponding means among non-Hispanic Whites were 3.4, 3.3, and 3.2. None of the differences between locations or groups were significant. Discussion In examining disparities in smoking cessation outcomes from 1990 to 2000 between Whites and African Americans, King et al. (2004) found lower cessation rates for African Americans. The current data do not show a difference and should be distinguished in important respects. King et al. looked at data from National Health Interview Surveys across all modalities of cessation assistance available at that time.

From 1990 to 2000, only a few states offered quitline services, so quitlines did not substantially contribute to the findings of King et al. The current data are based on quitline data collected after 2000. Quitlines provide individually tailored cessation assistance, which may contribute to the equivalence of cessation rates across groups in the current data. This paper presents empirical data from Texas, Louisiana, and DC that demonstrate that telephone counseling for smoking cessation is as effective for African Americans as it is for non-Hispanic Whites. Finding similar patterns of results for effectiveness, utilization, and satisfaction across all three areas studied strengthens the generalizability of those findings. Data from a randomized trial were included to show that the equivalence of effectiveness was found in a randomized sample as well as among self-selected empirical populations, further strengthening confidence in that finding. Governmental health agencies in Texas, Louisiana, and DC recruited high Brefeldin_A proportions of African American smokers to the quitlines.