Subsequently a group in Helsinki studied the accumulation of polyamines in regenerating rat liver, while Caldarera and his Selleckchem ATR inhibitor group studied polyamine synthesis in the developing chick embryo. These investigations led to metabolic
studies. Ornithine decarboxylase was identified as a key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, while polyamine and diamine oxidations were studied by Mondovi, alpha-Diflouromethylornithine (DFMO) was synthesized by Merrell-Dow and became a potent inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase. The findings of Russell that polyamines are excreted in the urine of cancer patients drew the attention of oncologists, who attempted the use new technologies for the detection of cancer and improving therapy. With the advance of molecular biology the structure of polyamine-biosynthetic enzymes was elaborated. Plants served as another important tool to study the physiological functions of polyamines. Bagni and his group at Bologna were pioneers
in that field and for more than forty-six years set the foundation of a most interesting discipline. (C) 2010 Elsevier NSC 23766 Masson SAS. All rights reserved.”
“In this article, vaporization processes in the laser interaction with materials are studied theoretically and computationally, focusing on evaporation and homogeneous bubble nucleation. Simulations are carried out using the Redlich-Kwong equation of state and temperature-dependent material property models that can be used up to the critical point. From theoretical considerations, four important temperatures are identified in the understanding of laser material interaction. This study also shows that there are upper limits to the amount of energy that can be consumed by vaporization, which takes place at a temperature that is lower than the material’s critical point. This study also discusses the transition from the thermal mode of ablation to the nonthermal mode in terms of the energy capacity of homogeneous boiling. (C) 2010 American Institute Ferrostatin-1 molecular weight of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3428966]“
“Background: Although serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is the currently accepted vitamin D status marker of choice, use of other biomarkers or functional endpoints have been suggested.
Objective:
The objective was to systematically review the effectiveness of 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), bone turnover markers, bone mineral density (BMD), and calcium absorption as biomarkers of vitamin D status.
Design: Methods included a structured search on Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE (Ovid), and Cochrane CENTRAL; rigorous inclusion/exclusion criteria; data extraction; quality assessment; meta-analysis; and meta-regression.
Results: Thirty-six vitamin D supplementation randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 4 before-after studies were included. Vitamin D supplementation significantly raised circulating 25(OH)D in all but one RCT, but the response was highly heterogeneous [weighted mean difference (WMD): 34.1 nmol/L; 95% CI: 28.9, 39.2; 32 RCTs; I-2 = 97%).