In addition, the provision of shade when grazing is also important for lambs at the time of weaning. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Study Design. Axial vertebral rotation (AVR) of normal and scoliotic vertebrae was measured in computed tomography (CT) images by three observers using different manual and a computerized method.
Objective. To analyze 4 manual and a computerized method for measuring AVR in CT images.
Summary of Background Data. Manual measurement of AVR is difficult and error-prone when compared with computerized methods. To the best of our knowledge, a systematic comparison of the established manual with click here a computerized method has not been performed
yet.
Methods. AVRs of 14 normal and 14 scoliotic vertebrae from CT images were measured (a) manually using the methods of Aaro and Dahlborn, Spine 1981; 6: 460-7, Ho et al, Spine 1993;18:1173-7, Krismer et al, J Spinal Disord 1999;12:126-30, and Gocen et al, J Spinal Disord 1998;11:210-4., and (b) automatically using a computerized
method, which is based on the evaluation of vertebral symmetry in 2 dimensions (2D) and in 3 dimensions (3D).
Results. The computerized method was most consistent with the method of Aaro and Dahlborn, which also proved to be the most reproducible and reliable manual method. The low overall intraobserver variability (1.1 degrees SD) and interobserver variability (1.8 degrees SD) of the computerized method indicate that the symmetry-based determination of AVR is reproducible and reliable, as the localization of vertebral selleck centroids is the major source of its variability.
Conclusion. The computerized method yielded higher reproducibility and reliability of AVR measurements, indicating that it may represent a feasible alternative to manual methods,
moreover because it is also faster and more operator-friendly.”
“Transformed hairy roots of Psoralea corylifolia were established by infection with Agrobacterium rhizogenes LBA 9402. The aim of this work was to elucidate the effects of media constituents on production of the phytoestrogenic isoflavones daidzein and genistein. A. rhizogenes strain LBA 9402 harboring Ri plasmid was used to transform stem segments of in vitro seedlings. The resultant hairy roots were confirmed by see more polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and exhibited Ri T-DNA. Transformed hairy root clones were cultured in Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium altered with different concentrations of NH(4) (+) and NO(3) (-) and their growth and production of isoflavones were assessed. Biomass and productivity increased when MS medium was supplemented with NH(4) (+) and NO(3) (-) at a ratio of 20:10. Increased yield of daidzein was obtained when sucrose level in the culture medium increased, whereas decreased level of sucrose favored genistein production. The hairy roots produced the highest levels of daidzein (2.06% dry wt.) and genistein (0.37% dry wt.) in the presence of low concentrations of PO(4) (3-).