Methods Study design A http://www.selleckchem.com/products/pazopanib.html prospective cohort study of major trauma patients. Ethical clearance was obtained from Makerere University College of Health Sciences (MakCHS) Ethics and Research Committee prior to commencing the study. Study setting The study was conducted in the A & E department of Mulago National Referral Hospital situated in Kampala city between

December 2011 and April 2012. Kampala is the largest city and capital of Uganda with estimated a population of 1,659, 600 in 2011 [15]. The main mode of transport at Kampala is commuter taxis (15-seater minibus used Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical as public transport) and “Boda-bodas” (local motorcycle transportation) also a popular mode of transport. Deaths from road traffic accidents are on the rise from Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical 778 in 1990 to 2,034 in 2004, while road accidents rose to 19,528 in 2006 from 5,674 in 1990. The A & E department of Mulago hospital is a fully fledged unit with selleck catalog medical and surgical emergency wings, two operating rooms, an x ray facility, ultra sound facility, resuscitation room with three beds, and a 26-bed holding emergency ward. Adjacent to it are the blood bank, hematology, microbiology Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical and clinical chemistry laboratories. The A and E department is open 24hrs a day and is headed by a consultant surgeon, who leads a team

of physicians, internal medicine and surgeons residents/trainees, medical officers and paramedics, nurses, support

staff and volunteers. Blood products such as whole blood are normally in short supply owing to very high demand and relatively few donors. On Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical arrival at the A and E department, trauma patients were triaged and transferred to the examination rooms where they were immediately Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical attended to by doctors who instituted management after history taking and examination. Resuscitation took precedence throughout the above protocol. Patients for operative management were immediately taken to the adjacent casuality operating theatre, while those for observation and further investigations were admitted to emergency surgical ward for up to 24hrs (maximum), before onward transfer to the admitting firm or one of the specialized surgical units. On average the A and E unit saw about three patients with major trauma daily. Patients transferred from A&E were followed Carfilzomib up in the ICU, or appropriate surgical wards. Eligibility criteria We included all patients with major injuries to head and neck, face, thorax, abdomen, extremities, external (surface) with ISS>15. We excluded patients who received more than 2 litres of crystalloids before admission, patients who received blood transfusion before admission, Patients on anticoagulants and those with known co morbidities such as liver diseases/renal failure.