This study was designed to explore the nocturnal sleep structure of patients on early methadone treatment. Twenty male methadone treatment (MT) patients and 20 male age- and body mass index-matched controls were assessed with overnight limited polysomnography. Subjective sleep was assessed AZD5363 cost using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale

(ESS). Compared with healthy controls, MT patients had lower sleep efficiency, shorter total sleep time, more awakenings and shorter slow wave sleep (SWS). The PSQI and ESS scores in MT patients were significantly higher than in the controls. ESS scores of the patients were significantly

associated with the SWS. The findings indicate that patients in early MT have poor sleep quality and abnormal sleep architecture. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Introduction: Trans-1-amino-3[F-18]fluorocyclobutanecarboxylic acid (anti-[F-18]FACBC) is a promising amino acid positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer for visualizing prostate cancer. We previously showed that anti-FACBC is transported by amino acid transporters, especially by alanine-serine-cysteine transporter Entrectinib mw 2 (ASCT2), which is associated with tumor growth. We studied this affinity to assess the mechanism of anti-FACBC transport in prostate cancer cells.

Methods: Kinetic assays for trans-1-amino-3-fluoro-[1-C-14]cyclobutanecarboxylic acid ([C-14]FACBC) were performed in Xenopus laevis oocytes over-expressing either ASCT2 or sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2), both of which are highly expressed in prostate cancer cells. We also examined the kinetics

of [C-14]FACBC uptake using mammalian cell lines over-expressing system L amino acid transporter 1 or 2 (LAT1 or LAT2).

Results: 3 Methyladenine ASCT2 and SNAT2 transported [C-14]FACBC with Michaelis-Menten kinetics K-m values of 92.0 +/- 32.3 mu M and 222.0 +/- 293 mu M, respectively. LAT1 and LAT2 transported [C-14]FACBC with Michaelis-Menten K-m values of 230.4 +/- 184.5 mu M and 738.5 +/- 87.6 mu M, respectively.

Conclusions: Both ASCT2 and SNAT2 recognize anti-FACBC as a substrate. Anti-FACBC has higher affinity for ASCT2 than for SNAT2, LAT1, or LAT2. The ASCT2-preferential transport of anti-[F-18]FACBC in cancer cells could be used for more effective prostate cancer imaging. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Introduction: The norepinephrine analogue C-11-meta-hydroxyephedrine (HED) has been used to interrogate sympathetic neuronal reuptake in cardiovascular disease. Application for longitudinal studies in small animal models of disease necessitates an understanding of test-retest variability.