This research was supported Epigenetic inhibitor mouse by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2011-0003256). “
“Both ThyA and ThyX proteins catalyze the transfer of the methyl group from methylenetetrahydrofolate (CH2H4-folate) to dUMP, forming dTMP. To estimate the relative steady state expression levels of ThyA and ThyX, Western blot analysis was performed using ThyA or ThyX antiserum on total protein from the wild-type, ΔthyX, and thyX-complemented strains of Corynebacterium glutamicum.

The level of ThyA decreased gradually during the stationary growth phase but that of ThyX was maintained steadily. Whereas the expression level of ThyA in a ΔsigB strain was comparable to that of the wild-type,

the level of ThyX was significantly diminished in the deletion mutant and was restored to that of the wild-type in the complemented strain, indicating that the level of ThyX was regulated by SigB. Growth of the C. glutamicum ΔsigB strain was dependent upon coupling activity of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) with ThyA for the synthesis of thymidine, and thus showed sensitivity to the inhibition of DHFR by the experimental inhibitor, WR99210-HCl. These results suggested that the relative levels of ThyA and ThyX differ in response to different growth phases and that SigB is necessary for maintenance www.selleckchem.com/products/chir-99021-ct99021-hcl.html of the level of ThyX during transition into the stationary growth phase. dTMP is a key metabolite required for the biosynthesis of dTTP, a building block of DNA. The enzymes thymidylate synthase ThyA (EC 2.1.1.45) and ThyX (EC 2.1.1.148) can each catalyze the de novo formation

of dTMP in vivo. Both ThyA and ThyX proteins catalyze PJ34 HCl the transfer of the methyl group from CH2H4-folate to dUMP, forming dTMP. The homodimeric ThyA protein carries out reductive methylation of dUMP, using CH2H4-folate as a reductant and the source of a methylene group, generating dTMP and dihydrofolate (H2-folate). As reduced folates are essential for many biochemical processes, H2-folate is reduced to tetrahydrofolate (H4-folate) by dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) with subsequent regeneration of CH2H4-folate, catalyzed by serine hydroxymethyltransferase. In contrast, the homotetrameric ThyX protein utilizes CH2H4-folate solely as a one-carbon donor and uses Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD)-mediated hydride transfer for the reduction of the methylene to form dTMP and H4-folate (Giladi et al., 2002; Graziani et al., 2004; Griffin et al., 2005; Koehn et al., 2009; Leduc et al., 2003, 2007; Liu & Yang, 2004; Myllykallio et al., 2002, 2003; Sampathkumar et al., 2005; Zhong et al., 2006). Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 is a non-sporulating and non-pathogenic soil bacterium belonging to the group of high G + C Gram-positive Actinobacteria (Hecht & Causey, 1976; Stackebrandt et al., 1997). A blast search has revealed that C.