The reason is perhaps that the Chinese believe in moral conscience, check details ethical principles, and human nature rather than institutionalized law in governing their behavior and maintaining justice and social order. On the other hand, the values, rules, and rights that are relative to Chinese society are plenty and rigid mainly because of its long history of tradition and affective collectivistic perspective.(2) Law-Making Perspective ��People at this stage, however, do not blindly maintain the law and social order in all cases. If the law fails to protect a person or a country’s basic rights, they would no longer stick to the above social contract and they would urge to make a new law to replace the old one.

In some cases, Chinese people at this stage would challenge the authority or the majority with a self-sacrificing altruistic attitude towards those being exploited or the victims in order to maintain justice. They are what we call the ��conscientious objectors.�� That the Chinese institution and legal system is less rigorous and democratic and that the practice of law depends very much on the subjective and sometimes arbitrary interpretation of the authority and leader would mean that there is no easy way to change a law in a Chinese society.(3) Conflict between Majority and Individual ��In general, if there is conflict between (a) the majority’s basic rights and an individual’s basic rights or (b) the majority’s relative rights and an individual’s relative rights, then what is right is to sacrifice the individual for the majority or to protect the majority’s rights because the majority is composed of a large number of people while the individual is only a single person.

The reason is based on an affective self-sacrificing altruistic orientation towards the majority. That is, ��the small-I should be sacrificed to support the big-I�� (a Chinese proverb). ��Small-I�� refers to an individual and ��big-I�� refers to the country or the majority of a group. Everyone in a similar position is supposed to do the same. However, if the conflict is between the majority’s relative rights and an individual’s basic rights, then the individual must be protected regardless of the majority’s opinion. If necessary, a new law has to be made to protect the individual with a socially recognized or institutionalized basis. Similarly, if the conflict is Carfilzomib between the majority’s basic rights and an individual’s relative rights, then the majority must be protected because the basic rights precede the relative rights.(4) Social Contract ��The general will, needs, interests, and opinions of the majority of people in a society are either codified into laws or formulated in the form of social norms or proprieties.