The circles indicate the growth stage in which the RNA extraction was performed. Differentially expressed genes at 18°C are distributed throughout the chromosome and comprise several functional categories The differentially expressed genes were identified using a cut-off criteria of ≥1.5 for up-regulated and ≤0.6 for down-regulated genes (p-value ≤ 0.05). A total of 236 differentially regulated genes were identified, of which 133 were up-regulated and 103 were down-regulated at 18°C relative to 28°C. Analyses about the distribution and location of the genes in the P. syringae pv. phaseolicola 1448A sequenced genome, SB203580 showed that

the differentially expressed genes at 18°C are not located in a single chromosomal region of P. syringae pv. phaseolicola, but rather are distributed throughout the genome. Furthermore, only down-regulated genes were distributed in both plasmids of this strain (Figure 2). This pattern of distribution had been observed in preliminary assays, in which a Tn5-derived promoter probe was used to search for genes whose expression was temperature dependent; however, the authors reported the location of only a few genes throughout the genome [16]. Figure 2 Distribution and location of differentially expressed genes at 18°C in

the P. syringae pv. phaseolicola genome. Differentially regulated genes were analyzed using the GenoMap software and their distribution and location in the bacterium genome was determined. The red bars depict the distribution of up-regulated genes and the green bars represent the down-regulated genes at 18°C. For the Selleck LDE225 purposes of this study, the differentially regulated genes were analyzed and manually grouped into categories based on their putative role in biological processes (Tables 1 and 2). In general, data analyses show that the majority of the differentially regulated genes relate to the pathogenicity and/or virulence process of the bacterium. Table 1 Genes up-regulated at 18°C in P. syringae pv. phaseolicola NPS3121 Gen/ORF Gene product Ratio Cluster 1: Phaseolotoxin production (Pht cluster) PSPPH_4299

Hypothetical protein (phtU) 11.86 Bay 11-7085 PSPPH_4300 Membrane protein, putative (phtT) 8.70 PSPPH_4301 Adenylylsulfate kinase (phtS) 13.50 PSPPH_4302 Conserved hypothetical protein (phtQ) 6.23 PSPPH_4305 Hypothetical protein (phtO) 8.78 PSPPH_4306 Hypothetical protein (phtM) 15.90 PSPPH_4306 Hypothetical protein (phtM) 7.29 PSPPH_4307 pyruvate phosphate dikinase PEP/pyruvate binding subunit 23.74 PSPPH_4317 Hypothetical protein 11.52 PSPPH_4323 Hypothetical protein 2.13 argK control 3.30 phtA control 4.96 phtD control 6.50 desI control 14.97 phtL control 7.64 phtMN control 1.81 amtA control 10.34 Cluster 2: Genes involved in Non-ribosomal synthesis PSPPH_4538 transposon Tn7-like transposase protein A 1.67 PSPPH_4539 transposon Tn7-like transposase protein B 1.70 PSPPH_4544 hypothetical protein PSPPH_4544 8.