The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of maternal stress in
a large pediatric sample of individuals affected by migraine without aura.
Methods: The study population consisted of 218 children (112 boys, 106 girls) of mean age 8.32 +/- 2.06 (range 6-13) years suffering from migraine without aura and a control group of 405 typical developing children (207 boys, 198 girls) of mean age 8.54 +/- 2.47 years. Mothers of children in each group answered the Parent Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) questionnaire to assess parental stress levels.
Results: The two groups were matched for age (P = 0.262), gender (P = 0.983), and body mass index adjusted for age (P = 0.106). Mothers of children with migraine Nepicastat solubility dmso without aura reported
higher mean PSI-SF scores related to the Parental Distress domain (P < 0.001), Dysfunctional Parent-Child Interaction domain (P < 0.001), Difficult Child subscale (P < 0.001), and Total Stress domain than mothers of controls (P < 0.001). No differences between the two groups were found for Defensive Responding subscale scores.
Conclusion: Our Selleckchem Combretastatin A4 study may be the first to highlight the presence of high levels of stress in parents of children affected by migraine without aura.”
“Many assays for biological sample processing and diagnostics are not suitable for use in settings that lack laboratory resources. We have recently described a simple, self-contained format based on magnetic beads for extracting
infectious disease biomarkers from complex biological samples, which significantly reduces the time, expertise, and infrastructure required. This self-contained format has the potential to facilitate the application of other laboratory-based sample processing assays in low-resource settings. The technology is enabled by immiscible fluid barriers, or surface tension valves, which stably separate adjacent processing solutions within millimeter-diameter tubing and simultaneously permit the transit of magnetic beads across the interfaces. In this report, we identify the physical parameters of the materials that maximize fluid stability and bead transport and Selleck GPCR Compound Library minimize solution carryover. We found that fluid stability is maximized with <= 0.8 mm i.d. tubing, valve fluids of similar density to the adjacent solutions, and tubing with <= 20 dyn/cm surface energy. Maximizing bead transport was achieved using >= 2.4 mm i.d. tubing, mineral oil valve fluid, and a mass of 1-3 mg beads. The amount of solution carryover across a surface tension valve was minimized using <= 0.2 mg of beads, tubing with <= 20 dyn/cm surface energy, and air separators. The most favorable parameter space for valve stability and bead transport was identified by combining our experimental results into a single plot using two dimensionless numbers.