Such components may entail considerable predictive value. Methodological problems in assessment

of residual symptoms, however, emerge. There is paucity of psychometric studies addressing the phenomenology of depressed http://www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk1120212-jtp-74057.html patients after benefiting from treatment. Recovered depressed patients displayed significantly more depression and anxiety than control subjects in one study,81 but not in another.82 Differences in the sensitivity Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of the rating scales which were employed may account, for such discrepant results. Using Paykel’s83 Clinical Interview for Depression, only 6 (12.2%) of 49 patients with major depression successfully treated with antidepressant drugs and judged to be fully remitted had no residual symptoms.84 The majority of residual symptoms were present also in the prodromal phase of illness. The most frequently reported symptoms involved anxiety and irritability. This findings were consistent, with previous studies on prodromal symptoms Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of depression,85,86 overlapped with results concerned with interpersonal friction,47 irritability,77 and anxiety65 and underwent independent, replication. Using a similar methodology, Paykel et al,34 in fact, found residual symptoms to be

present in 32% of 60 patients who remitted from major depression. Previous diagnosis of dysthymia did not predict, residual symptoms. Depressed mood, guilt, hopelessness, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical impaired work and interest, anxiety, and anorexia were identified by the Clinical Interview for Depression.36

These symptoms tended to persist, at, 8- to 10-year Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical follow-up.87 Nierenberg et al37 found that only 18% of full responders to fluoxetine were free of residual symptoms. Gastò et al39 reported the same percentage in elderly patients with Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical major depressive disorders. Judd et al88 found that incomplete recovery from the first, lifetime major depressive episode was linked to a chronic course of illness during a 12-year prospective naturalistic follow-up. Angst, et al89 observed that clinical trials overestimate the likelihood of full recovery on a single antidepressant. The usual response rates of 60% to 70% are typically reported when a reduction of 50% or more in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale occurs. However, using a more conservative score for defining response, only 45% of approximately 900 depressed patients achieved a satisfactory response. Cornwall Bumetanide and Scott90 reviewed publications relating to a precise definition of partial remission.1 Partial remission was found to affect at least one third of subjects treated for depression, to increase the risk of further depressive relapse, and to adversely affect social and work performance. In a large, multicentcr trial involving 2876 outpatients receiving flexible doses of citalopram, only 28% of subjects were found to have remitted.