Sequencing results showed the contigs of the genomic region, named Exp2-A (868 bp amplified by primers F1/R1) and Exp2-B (783 bp amplified by primers F2/R2). The overlap length was 149 bp. Sequence assembly resulted in a 1501 bp fragment, which was analyzed. With AF512540 and AY189969 used as outgroups, 94 sequences were aligned using ClustalW and distal nucleotides were excluded (to reduce error), so that the ultimate length of the 92 sequences was 1265 bp

(including aligned gaps), Nutlin-3a ic50 on which our further analysis mainly focused. The resulting sequences consisted of 3 exons, 2 introns, 5′UTR, and 3′UTR (Fig. 1), with discrepancies occurring except in the 5′UTR. The lengths of these regions were 9, 160, 85, 313, 76, 301, and 321 bp, respectively (Table 2). Thirty-three polymorphic loci (26 SNPs and 7 InDels, which were all parsimony-informative sites, none singleton variable sites) were found in this Venetoclax concentration 1265 bp sequence among the

92 cotton samples sequenced. SNP/InDel frequency (per bp) in the non-coding region is 3.87%, which is markedly higher than that (1.81%) in exons, and the average SNP/InDel per-nucleotide rate was 2.61%. In the three exons, SNPs were not distributed equally. The SNP frequencies were: for exon III, 2.66%; for exon II, 0.96%; and for exon I, 1.88%. InDels were found in the non-coding region, so that the polymorphism frequency (3.87%) was markedly higher than that in the coding region (1.81%). Further analysis of these polymorphic loci indicated that the SNP types, length of InDels, and frequency were diverse. Of the six possible types of SNP, most were A/G transitions or A/C transversions. Among these SNPs, A/G transitions were scattered over all regions, but the other types of SNPs occurred only in exons and 3′UTRs (Table 3). Four types of InDels, which were classified based on length (1 bp InDels being the most frequent), were scattered over introns and 3′UTRs. The number of InDel polymorphisms was

less than that of SNPs. Four (A42T, A69C, A120G, and GC1043/1044CG) of the 26 SNPs found in the sequences were considered to be rare alleles because they appeared in these samples no more than four times each. Thus, there were few rare SNPs in the sequences. Two estimates of nucleotide variation were calculated: 1) nucleotide diversity (π, pi), representing Bay 11-7085 average pairwise sequence differences between two random sequences in a sample, and 2) the mutation parameter θ (theta), which is based on the observed number of polymorphic sites in a sample. The sequence polymorphism distribution is shown in Fig. 2. The trendline of π is coincident with that of θ. The DNA sequence polymorphism in the region covering the 1250 bp was higher than that in other regions. The π value increased from 0 (175–384 bp region) to 0.0154 (850 bp), rapidly decreased to 0 (950 bp), and then increased to 0.0196 (1188 bp). The θ value decreased from 0.00589 (75 bp) to 0 (175–384 bp), and then increased (with two slow decreases and one rapid decrease) to 0.