On the basis of the physical concepts of the spin-glass model, the modified-Landau theory and the ordering models, it is suggested that local polarizations are affected not only by degree of ordering but also by space charge polarization. In contrast, the glassy behavior of

local polarization is affected only by degree of ordering but has nothing to do with space charge polarization. It is because local fields induced by space charge polarization have the same effect on local polarizations and are neutralized when calculating the correlation between neighboring polar microregions. On the other hand, the Survivin inhibitor freezing process of local polarizations is affected by both degree of ordering and space charge polarization because local polarization affected by local fields cannot be neutralized when calculating the individual behavior of local polarization. (C)

2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3517792]“
“Sirtuin 1 (SirT1) is the largest of the seven members of the sirtuin family of class III nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+))-dependent protein deacetylases, whose activation is beneficial for metabolic, neurodegenerative, inflammatory and neoplastic Acalabrutinib inhibitor diseases, and augments life span in model organisms (Finkel et al., 2009; Lavu et al., 2008). In vitro studies show that SirT1 protects genome integrity and is involved in circadian physiological rhythms (Asher et al., 2008; Nakahata et al., 2008; Oberdoerffer et al., 2008). In the last few years, a fundamental role for SirT1 in the metabolism and differentiation of skeletal muscle cells has been uncovered (Fulco selleckchem et al.,

2003), and the use of specific transgenic or knockout SirT1 mouse models implicates it in the protection of heart muscle from oxidative and hypertrophic stresses (Alcendor et al., 2007). In this Perspective, we review the recent exciting findings that have established a key role for the ‘longevity’ protein SirT1 in skeletal and heart muscle physiology and disease. Furthermore, given the multiple biological functions of SirT1, we discuss the unique opportunities that SirT1 mouse models can offer to improve our integrated understanding of the metabolism, as well as the regeneration and aging-associated changes in the circadian function, of skeletal and heart muscle.”
“Present work investigated the short-term flexural creep performance of fiber reinforced thermoplastic injection molded leaf springs. Unreinforced polypropylene, 20 wt % short and 20 wt % long glass fiber reinforced polypropylene materials were injection-molded into constant thickness varying width mono leaf spring. Shortterm flexural creep tests were performed on molded leaf springs at various stress levels with the aid of in-house developed fixture integrated with the servo-hydraulic fatigue machine. Spring rate reduction is reported as an index for the accumulated damage.