Moreover, previous data from our laboratory demonstrated that swimming training promotes an increase in plasmatic atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels, which did not occur by the practice of chronic running training [15].

Thus, according to the well-established lipolytic effect of the ANP in the adipocyte, we can speculate that this may be one of the mechanisms related to the decrease in the fat content in swimming-trained rats [38]. The increase in fat tissue because of E2 deficiency can be related to higher response to angiotensin II in coronary bed of ovariectomized rats when compared to other groups. The adipose tissue produces angiotensinogen, which corresponds to approximately 30% of the circulating level in rodents, also plays a role in the whole body [28]. Thereafter, adipose tissue also expresses renin and ACE, which results in increased Trichostatin A production Kinase Inhibitor Library of Ang II [28]. Moreover, in E2 deficiency condition occurs the increase in AT1 receptor expression in various organs [14] and [37], stimulating vascular smooth muscle contraction [7]. Thus, the efficiency of physical training to preventing these effects in the condition of E2 deficiency could be associated with the mechanisms reported above. Likewise, our results showed

lower visceral fat pad weight in ovariectomized rats trained by swimming. Therefore, ST may protect against body weight gain and, consequently, the risk to the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In summary, swimming training in OVX rats results in a reduction of weight gain compared to the weight levels observed in sedentary OVX animals. These results indicate that swimming training may bring about important changes in body composition in OVX animals. Moreover, IKBKE this study supports the hypothesis that physical training decreases ANG II-induced vasoconstriction, one of the most important components of the RAS, which has its activity augmented with estrogen deficiency. From a practical

point of view, physical exercise is a non-pharmacological treatment, is inexpensive and shows insignificant negative effects on the body. The current study and studies of a similar nature can help to elucidate the role of physical exercise and its effectiveness as a prophylactic measure in the development of cardiovascular diseases after menopause and thus, generating important information that may contribute to practical measures for improving quality of life in women. None declared. The authors thank Dr. F. Souza and Dr. M. Borsoi from University Hospital-HUCAM/UFES for plasma biochemical analysis. This work was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico-Casadinho, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Espírito Santo and Fundo de Apoio à Ciência e Tecnologia do Município de Vitória.