Furthermore, pERK immunoreactivity was predomi nantly nuclear whereas cytoplasmic positivity was identified within a subset of tumors, This staining pattern is in line with former investigations in colon also as other neoplasms, namely, endometrial, head and neck tumors and melanomas, Moreover, total nuclear or cytoplasmic ERK staining was independent of nuclear or cytoplasmic pERK status, in our cohort.
This observation is in agreement with preceding scientific studies in non compact cell lung and endometrial cancer too as in melanomas and could been explained by the hypothesis that pERK immunopositivity could arise because of ERK hyperactivation instead of overexpression, Additionally we display that read this article large nuclear, but not cyto plasmic, ERK immunopositivity is correlated with tumor stage, Interestingly, our final results show that nuclear pERK expression parallels tumor grade and tumor stage in preserving with findings of previous research in NSCLC and prostate cancer, This observation is in contrast with a former investigation through which pERK expression was not correlated with tumor stage, whereas there are other research in a variety of other tumors that have failed to sub stantiate a beneficial correlation concerning pERK expression and classical clinicopathological parameters, Taking into consideration that in our research ordinary colorectal mucosa displays minimum nuclear pERK expression, our benefits talk in favor of the possible role of this molecule in tumor evolution at the same time as, from the acquisition of the additional aggressive pheno style in colorectal carcinogenesis. Along this line, it has been recommended that constitutively energetic ERKs are cap able of affecting gene expression, being able to influence several with the hallmarks of carcinogenesis, It may very well be hypothesised that as colorectal cancer progresses to a extra innovative disease, an increase within the activation of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway happens, Sad to say, the statistical power on the existing investigation is reduced as a result of modest cohort of pERK favourable instances.
Additional scientific studies of larger cohorts are warranted to confirm our effects. Along this line, pERK expression has been proven to become connected with poor prognosis in colorectal carcinomas, It’s been speculated the activation with the MAPK path way initiates cellular processes, which could result KW-2449 in both favorable or worse clinical outcome, a truth due to the complex signal transduction network ERKs are involved in. In reality, adverse results is usually observed, depending on the intensity and duration of the promito genic signal, The aforementioned findings are fairly major in see from the fact that protein kinases signify a group of molecular targets characterized by a cancer specific possible, enabling the improvement of new generation chemotherapeutic agents acting as kinase inhibitors.