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“Introduction Since the earliest photosynthetic organisms developed reaction centres, additional peripheral antenna systems have evolved for light harvesting. In these light-harvesting systems, dozens, hundreds or even

thousands of (bacterio)chlorophylls can funnel their excitation energy towards reaction centres for charge separation. The green photosynthetic bacteria are anoxygenic phototrophs that contain unique antenna complexes, known as chlorosomes (Blankenship and Matsuura 2003). A chlorosome RAS p21 protein activator 1 is actually a kind of organelle. In addition to the green sulphur bacteria (phylum Chlorobi), they are also present in some filamentous anoxygenic phototrophs of the phylum Chloroflexi (formerly know as green non-sulphur bacteria), and in the newly discovered aerobic phototroph, Candidatus Chloracidobacterium thermophilum (Cab. thermophilum) of the phylum Acidobacteria (Bryant et al. 2007). The green sulphur bacteria form the best studied group, and especially Chlorobaculum tepidum (also known as Chlorobium) from the family of Chlorobiaceae, has emerged as a model organism for the group. Within these organisms, the flow of excitation energy goes in the following direction: $$ \rm Pigments\;\rm within\;\rm chlorosomes\; \to \;\rm CsmA\;\rm protein\;\rm in\;\rm baseplate\; \to \;\rm FMO\;\rm protein\; \to \;\rm reaction\;\rm center. $$ Before discussing the structure and function of chlorosomes, some basic facts about the reaction centre and attached proteins are provided.