However, most studies have based their findings on preselected patient groups or have performed limited testing for CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction. The objective of our study was to

evaluate the prevalence of CFTR gene mutations and/or CFTR-related ion channel abnormalities among subjects with idiopathic chronic sinopulmonary disease and the prevalence of CF or a CFTR-related disorder in this population.\n\nMethods: We evaluated 72 prospectively enrolled patients from 1995 to 2005 at the Hospital for Sick Children and St. Michael’s Hospital with idiopathic selleck chemical chronic sinopulmonary disease for evidence of CFTR-mediated abnormalities. We performed CFTR genotyping and assessed CFTR function using sweat testing and nasal potential difference testing. The results were compared with data from healthy control subjects, CF heterozygotes, and patients with

CF.\n\nResults: The CFTR functional tests in idiopathic sinopulmonary patients showed a continuous spectrum, ranging from normal to values typically seen in individuals with CF. Forty-eight patients (66%) demonstrated CFTR mutations and/or abnormalities of CFTR function. Twenty-two (31%) fulfilled criteria for a diagnosis of CF and 26 (36%) for a CFTR-related buy CX-6258 disorder with a strong female preponderance. Functional tests, more than genotyping, were instrumental in establishing a CF diagnosis. Clinical features failed to distinguish subjects with CF from those with CFTR-related or idiopathic disease.\n\nConclusions: The high prevalence of CF and CFTR dysfunction among patients with idiopathic find more chronic sinopulmonary disease underscores the need for extensive diagnostic evaluation for CF. CHEST 2012; 142(4):996-1004″
“Purpose of review\n\nCerebral ischemia plays a major role in the pathophysiology of the injured brain, including traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage, thus improvement in outcome may necessitate monitoring and optimization of cerebral blood flow (CBF). To interpret CBF results in a meaningful way,

it may be necessary to quantify cerebral autoregulation as well as cerebral metabolism. This review addresses the recent evidence related to the changes in CBF and its monitoring/management in traumatic brain injury.\n\nRecent findings\n\nRecent evidence on the management of patients with traumatic brain injury have focused on the importance of cerebral autoregulation in maintaining perfusion, which necessitates the measurement of CBF. However, adequate CBF measurements alone would not indicate the amount of oxygen delivered to neuronal tissues. Technologic advancements in measurement devices have enabled the assessment of the metabolic state of the cerebral tissue for the purpose of guiding therapy, progress as well as prognostification.