Further study of this population is required to assess whether strategies to reduce the risk of HIV MS-275 ic50 transmission while allowing conception would have an impact on the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. We gratefully acknowledge the invaluable contributions of the HIV-1-serodiscordant

couples who participated in this study. We would also like to acknowledge Connie Celum, Jai Lingappa and Jared Baeten for their contribution to the overall clinical trial and collaboration on this research. This manuscript is published with the permission of the Director of the Kenya Medical Research Institute. Funding: The Partners in Prevention HSV/HIV Transmission Study was funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (grant ID #26469). SB was a fellow in the Traineeship in AIDS Prevention Science (TAPS) (NIMH T32 MH-19105-20) and is a fellow in the Reproductive Infectious Disease (RID) programme at UCSF (NIAID T32 AI065388). “
“The aim of the study was to compare the effects on lipids, body composition and renal function of once-daily ritonavir-boosted saquinavir (SQV/r) or atazanavir (ATV/r) in combination with tenofovir/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC)

R428 order over 48 weeks. An investigator-initiated, randomized, open-label, multinational trial comparing SQV/r 2000/100 mg and ATV/r 300/100 mg once daily, both in combination with TDF/FTC, in 123 treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected adults was carried out. The primary endpoint was to demonstrate noninferiority of SQV/r compared with ATV/r with respect to the change in fasting cholesterol after 24 weeks. Secondary outcome measures were changes in metabolic abnormalities, body composition, renal function, and virological and immunological efficacy over 48 weeks. Patients who had used at least one dose of trial drug were included in the analysis. Data for 118 patients were analysed (57 patients on

SQV/r and 61 on ATV/r). At week 24, changes in lipids were modest, without increases in triglycerides, including a significant rise in high-density Megestrol Acetate lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and a nonsignificant decrease in the total:HDL cholesterol ratio in both arms with no significant difference between arms. Lipid changes at week 48 were similar to the changes observed up to week 24, with no significant change in the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index. Adipose tissue increased regardless of the regimen, particularly in the peripheral compartment and to a lesser extent in the central abdominal compartment, with an increase in adipose tissue reaching statistical significance in the ATV/r arm. A slight decline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was observed in both arms during the first 24 weeks, with no progression thereafter.