The physics of electron systems in condensed matter is significantly shaped by disorder and electron-electron interactions. In two-dimensional quantum Hall systems, the extensive study of disorder-induced localization has established a scaling picture with a single extended state characterized by a power-law divergence of the localization length at the absolute zero of temperature. Via experimental analysis of the temperature dependence of plateau-to-plateau transitions in integer quantum Hall states (IQHSs), scaling behavior was examined, revealing a critical exponent of 0.42. We report scaling measurements conducted within the fractional quantum Hall state (FQHS), a system where interactions are the driving force. Partly motivating our letter are recent calculations, using composite fermion theory, suggesting identical critical exponents in both IQHS and FQHS cases, when the interaction between composite fermions is considered negligible. The two-dimensional electron systems, confined to GaAs quantum wells of exceptionally high quality, were integral to our experiments. We observe variations in the transition behavior between distinct FQHSs flanking Landau level filling factor 1/2. A value near that documented for IQHS transitions is only seen in a restricted set of high-order FQHS transitions with a medium intensity. We investigate the origins of the non-universal characteristics discovered in our experimental procedures.

Space-like separated events, according to Bell's groundbreaking theorem, exhibit correlations whose most salient characteristic is nonlocality. To practically apply device-independent protocols, like secure key distribution and randomness certification, the observed quantum correlations must be identified and amplified. This communication delves into the potential for nonlocality distillation. The process entails applying a predetermined set of free operations (wirings) to numerous copies of weakly nonlocal systems. The goal is to generate correlations of elevated nonlocal character. In a simplified Bell framework, a protocol, the logical OR-AND wiring, is discovered to efficiently extract a high degree of nonlocality from arbitrarily weak quantum correlations. Our protocol exhibits several notable aspects: (i) it demonstrates that distillable quantum correlations have a non-zero presence in the complete eight-dimensional correlation space; (ii) it distills quantum Hardy correlations without compromising their structure; and (iii) it underscores that quantum correlations (nonlocal) proximate to the local deterministic points can be distilled substantially. Ultimately, we also demonstrate the potency of the chosen distillation technique in the detection of post-quantum correlations.

The action of ultrafast laser irradiation prompts spontaneous self-organization of surfaces into dissipative structures characterized by nanoscale reliefs. The surface patterns are a consequence of symmetry-breaking dynamical processes within Rayleigh-Benard-like instabilities. This study demonstrates the numerical disentanglement of the coexistence and competition between surface patterns of different symmetries in two dimensions, leveraging the stochastic generalized Swift-Hohenberg model. In our initial proposal, a deep convolutional network was put forward to locate and learn the dominant modes that ensure stability for a given bifurcation and the associated quadratic model coefficients. Calibrated on microscopy measurements with a physics-guided machine learning strategy, the model is scale-invariant. Our strategy allows for the precise identification of irradiation parameters necessary to engender a specific self-organizational pattern in the experimental setting. Predicting structure formation using a general approach is possible in situations characterized by sparse, non-time-series data and when the underlying physics are roughly described by self-organization processes. Our letter lays the groundwork for laser manufacturing's supervised local manipulation of matter, accomplished through timely controlled optical fields.

The temporal development of multi-neutrino entanglement and its correlations within two-flavor collective neutrino oscillations, particularly relevant to dense neutrino environments, are examined, building on past research efforts. The study of n-tangles and two- and three-body correlations, moving beyond the limits of mean-field models, was enabled by simulations on systems with up to 12 neutrinos, run using Quantinuum's H1-1 20-qubit trapped-ion quantum computer. Large system sizes demonstrate the convergence of n-tangle rescalings, indicating authentic multi-neutrino entanglement.

Quantum information studies at the highest available energy scale have recently found the top quark to be a promising subject of investigation. Discussions within the current research landscape frequently center on entanglement, Bell nonlocality, and the methodology of quantum tomography. This study of quantum discord and steering offers a complete picture of quantum correlations within top quarks. Both phenomena are verifiable at the Large Hadron Collider. With high statistical confidence, quantum discord is expected to be measured in a separable quantum state. Quantum discord, surprisingly, can be measured according to its original definition, and the steering ellipsoid can be experimentally reconstructed, both due to the unique characteristics of the measurement process and challenging in conventional experimental settings. Entanglement, unlike quantum discord and steering, doesn't reveal the asymmetric nature that can serve as evidence for CP-violating physics beyond the Standard Model.

Fusion is the process where light nuclei join together, resulting in heavier nuclei. learn more The stars' radiant energy, a byproduct of this procedure, can be harnessed by humankind as a secure, sustainable, and pollution-free baseload electricity source, aiding in the global battle against climate change. Plant symbioses Nuclear fusion reactions are only possible when the enormous Coulomb repulsion force between similarly charged atomic nuclei is overcome, requiring temperatures in the tens of millions of degrees or thermal energies of tens of keV, where matter is found only in the plasma phase. Earth's scarcity of plasma contrasts sharply with its prevalence as the ionized state of matter dominating most of the visible cosmos. marine-derived biomolecules Consequently, the quest for fusion energy is fundamentally intertwined with the discipline of plasma physics. This essay presents my analysis of the challenges inherent in the creation of fusion power plants. Given the significant size and unavoidable complexity of these endeavors, large-scale collaborative initiatives are critical, encompassing not only international cooperation but also public-private industrial alliances. We are dedicated to magnetic fusion, specifically the tokamak configuration, crucial to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), the world's largest fusion device. An essay in a series dedicated to future outlooks in various disciplines, this one provides a concise presentation of the author's view on the future of their field.

Stronger-than-anticipated interactions between dark matter and the nuclei of atoms could diminish its speed to levels undetectable by detectors positioned within Earth's atmosphere or crust. For sub-GeV dark matter, the approximations valid for heavier dark matter prove inadequate, demanding computationally intensive simulations. We introduce a novel, analytical approximation for simulating the dimming of light by dark matter within the Earth's confines. Our findings concur with those from Monte Carlo methods, displaying a notable increase in computational speed for large cross-section analyses. We apply this method to re-evaluate the restrictions on the presence of subdominant dark matter.

A first-principles quantum scheme for calculating the magnetic moment of phonons is developed for use in solid-state analysis. We exemplify our method's efficacy by examining gated bilayer graphene, a material characterized by strong covalent bonds. According to the classical theory, which utilizes the Born effective charge, the phonon magnetic moment should be nonexistent; however, our quantum mechanical calculations expose significant phonon magnetic moments. Subsequently, the gate voltage is instrumental in fine-tuning the magnetic moment's characteristics. The significance of quantum mechanical treatment is firmly established by our results, showcasing small-gap covalent materials as a promising platform for the study of tunable phonon magnetic moments.

Noise is a foundational issue affecting sensors in daily use for tasks including ambient sensing, health monitoring, and wireless networking. Noise abatement strategies currently largely depend on minimizing or eliminating noise. The concept of stochastic exceptional points is introduced, showcasing its practical application in countering the harmful impact of noise. Stochastic exceptional points, as illustrated in stochastic process theory, manifest as fluctuating sensory thresholds that generate stochastic resonance, a counterintuitive consequence of added noise augmenting a system's ability to detect weak signals. Wearable wireless sensors show that more accurate tracking of a person's vital signs during exercise is possible due to the application of stochastic exceptional points. Our study suggests a potential paradigm shift in sensor technology, with a new class of sensors effectively employing ambient noise to their advantage for applications encompassing healthcare and the Internet of Things.

A Galilean-invariant Bose liquid is predicted to achieve complete superfluidity at temperatures approaching absolute zero. This research combines theoretical and experimental approaches to investigate the decrease in superfluid density in a dilute Bose-Einstein condensate caused by a one-dimensional periodic external potential, which disrupts translational and, hence, Galilean invariance. The superfluid fraction's consistent determination stems from Leggett's bound, as influenced by the total density and sound velocity's anisotropy. A lattice featuring a large periodicity effectively illuminates the importance of two-body forces in the manifestation of superfluidity.