Animals in the HF group showed decreased expression of PPAR, / and in WAT and BAT,
resulting in impaired glucose uptake and insufficient thermogenesis. Due to the improvement in the adipokine profile and enhanced insulin sensitivity with adequate insulin-stimulated glucose uptake after treatment with telmisartan, the activation of all PPAR isoforms in WAT was beneficial. In BAT, telmisartan induced sustained sympathetic activation, because the (3)-adrenergic learn more receptor was induced by PPAR/, while uncoupling protein1 was induced by PPAR to promote thermogenesis. Telmisartan exerted anti-obesity effects through higher pan-PPAR gene and protein expression. Upon PPAR, / and (pan-PPAR) agonism in adipose tissue of obese mice, telmisartan ameliorates inflammation and insulin resistance, as
well as inducing non-shivering thermogenesis. Our results point to new therapeutic targets for the control of obesity and comorbidities PR-171 in vivo through pan-PPAR-related effects.”
“Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis is the most common nephritis worldwide. We examined the effects of low- and high-dose telmisartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, in rats with progressive anti-Thy1.1 mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis in a clinically relevant situation of established renal damage. Uninephrectomized nephritic rats were randomized on day 28 to remain untreated (control treatment; CT), or to receive low- (0.1 mg/kg/day, LT) or high-dose telmisartan (10 GSK126 mechanism mg/kg/day, HT), hydrochlorothiazide + hydralazine (8 + 32 mg/kg/day, HCT + H), or atenolol (100 mg/kg/day, AT). CT and LT rats were hypertensive, whereas HT, HCT + H and AT treatment normalized blood pressures.
On day 131, despite similar blood lowering effects, only HT, but not AT or HCT + H, prevented loss of renal function and reduced proteinuria compared to CT. Only HT potently ameliorated glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial damage, cortical matrix deposition, podocyte damage and macrophage infiltration. HT reduced cortical expression of platelet derived growth factor receptor- and – as well as transforming growth factor-1. LT exhibited minor but significant efficacy even in the absence of antihypertensive effects. Transcript array analyses revealed a four-fold down-regulation of renal cortical chemokine (CC motif) receptor 6 (CCR6) mRNA by HT, which was confirmed at the protein level. Silencing of CCR6 did not alter podocyte function in vitro, thus indicating a predominant role in the tubulo-interstitium. In human kidney biopsies, CCR6 mRNA and mRNA of its ligand chemokine (CC motif) ligand 20 was up-regulated in patients with progressive IgA nephropathy compared to stable disease. Thus, delayed treatment with high-dose telmisartan exerted a pronounced benefit in progressive mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis, which extended beyond that of equivalent blood pressure lowering.