A comparison of ideal, ultra safe, regulated, and dangerous human systems in rates of error per operation lists the categories shown in Table 1 [2].Table 1Comparison of safety of different human activities [9].From this analysis, a hospital stay is as dangerous as bungee jumping and http://www.selleckchem.com/products/tofacitinib-cp-690550.html a traveler has a better chance of receiving luggage at a new destination than a prescribed medication postoperatively [2, 3]. In this paper, we review and explain the key components of simulator-based training scenarios that aim to increase perioperative safety.The authors of this paper studied the current literature on simulation-based training for the practice of anesthesiologists based on the SBT anesthesiology program, CRM in aviation, and other healthcare and human management fields.

An individual investigator performed a keyword search using the PubMed, Ohio State University Library network, and Google Scholar databases with the keywords including anesthesiology, simulation training, CRM, ACRM, and human management. Papers included as references were published between the years 1998 and 2013. A total of 33 papers with diverse experimental designs were used, including descriptive studies, reports, analyses of simulation equipment, and technique evaluations. The majority of the studies covered topics of simulation training for skill acquisition. Few studies addressed the long-term effects of simulation training and its translation to improvements in patient safety revealing a need for research that measures long-term outcomes.2.

Demand for Improvements in Patient SafetyOne in every 150 patients admitted to a hospital dies as a consequence of an adverse event [4]. Interventions such as assigning surgical procedures to high-volume centers, establishing training programs for laparoscopic surgery, and improving the quality of teamwork in the operating room have been suggested as patient safety intervention strategies [5�C7]. Yet, examples of hospitals systematically employing these solutions in practice are rare [8].Healthcare regulators and administrators in addition to practitioners and patients are demanding drastic improvements in safety and care. The public’s perceptions of safety are important and healthcare consumers voice the following concerns.Issues of Concern Regarding the Increasing Demands for Improvement.

Will financial pressures and organizational changes in healthcare [10]degrade practitioners’ expertise?create conflicting GSK-3 goals and incentives?increase workloads?reduce safety margins?Questions to Be Addressed. Further considerations [11] are as follows.How do we train physicians while protecting patients?How do we meet the needs of individual patients while still benefitting society?How do we reach financial goals while striving for patient safety?3.