78). Changes in patients’ physical quality of life (Fgroup = 0.934; p = 0.443), mean physical activity (Fgroup = 0.377; p = 0.825) did not vary among DMPs aimed at different conditions. We did find a difference in the percentage of patients that quit smoking across diseases (p < 0.01). The percentage of cardiovascular patients that quit smoking was 6% (out of 637 patients), COPD patients 11% (out of 319 patients), diabetic patients IDH tumor 7% (out of 178 patients), heart failure patients 0% (out of 20 patients) and patients with comorbidity 3% (out of 88 patients). The results of multilevel

analyses (n = 931) are displayed in Table 2. After adjusting for patients’ physical quality of life at T0, age, educational level, marital status, and gender, these analyses showed that the mean number of days per week with more than 30 min of physical activity at T0 (p < 0.01), changes in physical activity (p < 0.001), and percentage of smokers at T0 (p < 0.05) predicted patients’ physical quality of life at T1. Higher levels of physical activity at T0 were related to better physical quality of life at T1 (B = 0.41), and the addition of 1 day of physical activity between T0 and T1 improved physical quality of life (B = 0.42), assuming that all other factors in the model remained constant. Multilevel analyses on imputed data showed similar results. Results

based on imputed data showed that after adjusting for patients’ physical quality of life at T0, age, educational level, marital status, and gender, physical activity at T0 (p < 0.05), Dabrafenib manufacturer changes in physical activity (p < 0.01), and percentage of smokers at T0 (p < 0.05) predicted improved physical quality of life at T1. In agreement with the results of the quantitative analysis, the qualitative research showed that project managers felt DMPs had contributed

to healthier behaviors in patients, especially with regard to smoking cessation. Most respondents indicated that DMP implementation had changed the form of provider–patient interactions. Professionals within practices made more concrete attempts to engage with the “person” rather than the patient. This change was reflected in small things that Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II might initially seem to be irrelevant to direct care, such as being courteous to patients in the waiting room, but also in the nature of consultation. DMPs made more systematic use of motivational interviewing, leading to the development of more concrete action plans with patients that specified physical activities and clearly defined targets. This shift was described by several project managers: “The change from ‘doctor knows best’ to making an individual care plan and trying to motivate more people to make changes for themselves. That you move away from the idea that there is only one way to effect change. That’s what I see as the major shift. It’s a different way of thinking.