64 CB and PG also share high trait impulsivity.19,113 Other evidence could come from family studies of CB, PG, or OCD. There are few family studies regarding these disorders, and none have supported a familial relationship among these disorders. In the only controlled family history study of CB, Black et al45 did not find a relationship with OCD. In two family studies, one

Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical using the family history method, the other using the family interview method, the investigators were unable to establish a connection between PG and OCD.114,115 Looking at this connection through OCD family studies has also failed to find a connection. Neither Black et al114 nor Bienvenu et al115 were able to establish a familial relationship between OCD and PG. Demographic similarities are often used to suggest that disorders might be linked, for example the fact that both alcohol disorders and antisocial personality disorder are predominantly Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical found in men. Yet, there is no similarity in gender distribution among these disorders. With PG there is a clear male preponderance; with CB a female preponderance; with OCD, the gender distribution is evenly split. If these disorders were related, their natural

Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical history and course might be CO-1686 similar as well. CB and OCD appear to have an onset in the late teens or early 20s. PG appears to have a slightly later onset, with women developing the disorder much later than men, but having a briefer course from onset of gambling to development of a disorder. This is what is seen with alcohol disorders, but not OCD. With CB, PG, and OCD are all considered mostly chronic, but the Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical similarity stops there. For CB and PG, while there are no careful, longitudinal studies, the data suggest that the disorders may be Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical episodic, that is, may remit for varying lengths of time depending on a host of external factors such as fear of consequences, eg, bankruptcy or divorce, or lack of income; OCD rarely remits.

In terms of suicide risk, PG has been reported to carry a risk for suicide attempts and completed suicides; Bay 11-7085 with CB, there are anecdotal reports of suicide attempts, but not completed suicides; with OCD, the data is somewhat mixed, but overall, the risk of completed suicide is considered low. Here, too, when one considers treatment response, OCD is well known to respond well to serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants, and to cognitive behavioral therapy. CB and PG have no clear response to medication, and the most robust treatment data suggests that PG may respond to opioid antagonists. Both CB and PG are reported to respond to CBT, but the completeness and quality of the response is unlike that seen with OCD. The presence of similar biological markers is another way to assess the connection between these disorders. This task is hampered by the fact that none of these disorders has reliable markers.