4), p = 0.023), HIV Trichostatin A cost positivity (OR = 5.9, 95% CI (3.1- 8.9), p = 0.002),

low CD 4 count (<200 cells/μl) (OR = 7.0, 95% CI (3.9-10.5), p = 0.000), high ASA class (OR = 8.1, 95% CI (5.6-12.9), p = 0.014), surgical site infection (OR = 1.5, 95% CI (1.1-4.6), p = 0.026) were the main predictors of mortality. Follow up of patients Of the survivors, seventy-eight (92.9%) patients were discharged well and the remaining six (7.1%) patients were discharged against medical advice. No patient among survivors in this study had permanent disabilities. Of the 84 survivors, thirty-four (40.5%) patients were available for follow up at three to six months after discharge and the remaining 50 (59.5%) patients were lost EPZ004777 mouse to follow up. Discussion In this review, the underlying cause of bowel obstruction was tuberculosis in 22.4% of patients,

a figure which is comparable with 21.8% reported by Ali et al[22] in Pakistan. However, this figure is higher than that observed in many other studies [23–26]. These differences in the rate of tuberculous intestinal obstruction reflect differences in the prevalence and risk factors for developing complications of TB such as bowel obstruction among different study settings. The figures for the rate GSK1838705A of tuberculous intestinal obstruction in our study may actually be an underestimate and the magnitude of the problem may not be apparent because of high number of patients excluded from this MycoClean Mycoplasma Removal Kit study. This study showed that males were slightly more affected than females with a male to female ratio of 1.8:1 which is comparable to the global ratio of 1.5 to 2.1:1 [27]. Some workers report that the disease is more common in males in the western countries while in developing counties the females predominate [28]. We could not find in literature the reasons for this gender differences. Intestinal tuberculosis, like tuberculosis elsewhere

in the body affects the young people at the peak of their productive life [29]. This fact is reflected in our study as the highest age incidence of the patients was in the second and third decades of life and more than seventy percent of our patients were aged forty years and below. This is in accordance with the results of other workers [16, 30]. The presentation of tuberculous intestinal obstruction in this age group has serious impacts on the national economy and production, as working and productive class of community is replaced by sick and ill individuals. Intestinal obstruction resulting from tuberculous has been reported to be more prevalent in people with low socio-economic status [31]. This observation is reflected in our study where most of patients had either primary or no formal education and more than seventy-five percent of them were unemployed. The majority of patients in the present study came from the rural areas located a considerable distance from the study area and more than eighty percent of them had no identifiable health insurance.