4% glucose, leading to YgjD depletion. Cells are elongated, and the DNA stain only occupies a small fraction of the cell area. (PDF 1 MB) References 1. Hecker A, Leulliot N, Gadelle D, Graille M, Justome A, Dorlet P, Brochier C, Quevillon-Cheruel S, Le Cam E, van Tilbeurgh H, Forterre P: An archaeal orthologue of the universal protein Kae1 is an iron metalloprotein which exhibits atypical DNA-binding properties and apurinic-endonuclease

activity in vitro. Nucleic Acids Research 2007, 35:6042–6051.PubMedCrossRef 2. Baba T, Ara T, Hasegawa M, Takai find more Y, Okumura Y, Baba M, Datsenko KA, Tomita M, Wanner BL, Mori H: Construction of Escherichia coli K-12 in-frame, single-gene knockout mutants: the Keio collection. Mol Syst Biol 2006, 2:2006–0008.CrossRef 3. Handford JI, Ize B, Buchanan G, Butland GP, Greenblatt J, Emili A, Palmer T: Conserved network of proteins essential

for bacterial viability. J Bacteriol 2009, 191:4732–4749.PubMedCrossRef 4. Mao DYL, Neculai D, Downey M, Orlicky S, Haffani YZ, Ceccarelli DF, Ho JSL, Szilard RK, Zhang W, Ho CS, et al.: Atomic structure of the KEOPS complex: an ancient protein kinase-containing molecular machine. Molecular Cell 2008, 32:259–275.PubMedCrossRef 5. Haussuehl K, Huesgen PF, Meier M, Dessi P, Glaser E, Adamski J, Adamska I: Eukaryotic GCP1 is a conserved mitochondrial protein required for progression of embryo development beyond the globular stage in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochem J 2009, 423:333–341.PubMedCrossRef 6. CH5424802 cell line Oberto J, Breuil N, Hecker A, Farina F, Brochier-Armanet C, Culetto E, Forterre P: Qri7/OSGEPL, the mitochondrial version of the universal Kae1/YgjD protein, is essential for mitochondrial PJ34 HCl genome maintenance. Nucleic Acids Research 2009, 37:5343–5352.PubMedCrossRef 7. Basma El, Yacoubi HM, Hatin Isabelle, Iwata-Reuyl Dirk, Murzin VrdCc-L Alexei: Function of the YrdC/YgjD conserved protein network: the t6A lead. 23rd tRNA Workshop: From the Origin of Life to Biomedicine 2009, 7. 8. Srinivasan M, Mehta P, Yu Y, Prugar E, Koonin EV, Karzai AW, Sternglanz R: The highly conserved KEOPS/EKC complex is essential for a universal tRNA modification, t6A. EMBO J 2010.

9. Grosjean H: Fine-Tuning of RNA Functions by Modification and Editing. New York: Springer; 2005. 10. Bjork GR, Durand JM, Hagervall TG, Leipuviene R, Lundgren HK, Nilsson K, Chen P, Qian Q, Urbonavicius J: Transfer RNA modification: influence on translational frameshifting and metabolism. FEBS Lett 1999, 452:47–51.PubMedCrossRef 11. Urbonavicius J, Qian Q, Durand JM, Hagervall TG, Bjork GR: Improvement of reading frame maintenance is a common function for several tRNA modifications. EMBO J 2001, 20:4863–4873.PubMedCrossRef 12. Yarian C, Townsend H, Czestkowski W, Sochacka E, Malkiewicz AJ, Guenther R, Miskiewicz A, Agris PF: Accurate translation of the genetic code depends on tRNA modified nucleosides. J Biol Chem 2002, 277:16391–16395.PubMedCrossRef 13.