2 �� 2.7 minutes). The presenting initial rhythm was ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia in 58%, asystole or pulseless electrical activity in 42%. Fourty-two patients (76%) presented a presumable cardiac cause for cardiac arrest and 29 patients (53%) survived 10 days or more in the selleck Regorafenib ICU (Table (Table11).Table 1Basic data of CPR and CAD patientsAs more of the CPR patients in the smaller EPC study population presented ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia as the initial rhythm compared with patients in the CEC and EMP study (87% vs. 67%), duration of CPR in the EPC study group was shorter (27.3 �� 3.5 minutes vs. 12.3 �� 2.0 minutes), and outcome was better (survival ��10 days in 67% vs. 48% of patients). Patients in the EPC study were showing higher rates of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (87% vs.

67%), and a lower incidence of acute renal failure (7% vs. 23%) compared with resuscitated patients in the CEC and EMP study (Table (Table11).Average time from ROSC to blood sampling was 2 hours 48 minutes �� 17 minutes in the CEC and EMP study. The second blood sample was collected 26 hours 45 minutes �� 1 hour 15 minutes after ROSC. Blood samples in the EPC study were collected on the second day after ROSC.Comparing all patients in both studies, patients of the resuscitation and CAD group were comparable in baseline characteristics such as gender and age at time of investigation (65.7 �� 1.8 years in the resuscitation group vs. 64.3 �� 2.3 years in the control group; P = 0.32 not significant (ns)).

Of the resuscitated patients, 73% were presenting significant CAD versus 95% of the control group. Most of the patients in both groups underwent coronary angiography (75% in the resuscitation group and 69% in the CAD group). There were differences in the cardiovascular risk profile of the two groups: CAD patients had a higher incidence of hyperlipidemia (16% vs. 44%; P < 0.05) and a trend to a higher prevalence of CAD and, hence, more of them were treated with statins (27% vs. 59%; P < 0.01). The groups had a comparable profile of secondary disorders including pulmonary disease, and renal and liver insufficiency (Table (Table11).All measurements were also performed in healthy controls (nine in the CEC and EMP study and five in the EPC study), taking no medication and carrying no cardiovascular risk.

Age at time point of investigation in the two groups was 30.5 �� 1.1 years and 37 �� 7 years, respectively.Detection of CECs by flow-cytometry analysis and correlation with duration of CPRAfter CPR, we found a highly increased number of CECs in resuscitated patients. The mean number of CECs was 4,494.1 �� 1,246 cells/mL in patients after Cilengitide CPR. The number of CECs in resuscitated patients was significantly higher than in patients with stable CAD (mean number 312.7 �� 41 cells/mL; P < 0.