Sliding indentation was introduced as a method to induce tensile tissue strain.
Analysis included quantification of DNA, collagen and GAG content, conventional histology, and immunohistochemistry for collagen type I and II at 1 or 2 weeks of culture.
Results: Embedding the periosteal explants in between agarose layers induced cartilage formation, confirmed by synthesis of sGAG and collagen type II. Addition of TGF-beta 1 to the culture medium did not further enhance this chondrogenic response. Applying sliding indentation only to the periosteum in between agarose layers enhanced the production of collagen type I, leading to the formation of fibrous tissue without any evidence of cartilage formation. However, when stimulated by both TGF-beta 1 and sliding indentation, collagen production was still enhanced, Vorasidenib but now collagen type II, while sGAG was found to be similar Thiazovivin to TGF-beta 1 or unloaded samples.
Conclusions: The type of tissue produced by periosteal explants can be tuned by combining mechanical stimulation and soluble factors. TGF-beta 1 stimulated a chondrocyte phenotype and sliding indentation stimulated collagen synthesis. Such a combination may be valuable for improvement of the quality of tissue-engineered cartilage. (C) 2010 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier
Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nuclei (STN-DBS) for the treatment of levodopa-induced motor complications in advanced Parkinson’s disease (APD) has been associated with FLT3 inhibitor neuropsychiatric disorders. It has been suggested that a postoperative decline in visual emotion recognition is responsible for those adverse events, although there is also evidence that emotional processing deficits can be present before surgery.
The aim of the present study is to compare the ability to recognize emotions before and one year after surgery in APD. Methods:
Consecutively operated APD patients were tested pre-operatively and one year after STN-DBS by the Comprehensive Affect Testing System (CATS), which evaluates visual recognition of 7 basic emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, disgust and neutral) on facial expressions and 4 emotions on prosody (happiness, sadness, anger and fear).
Results: In a sample of 30 patients 6 had depression or apathy at baseline that significantly increased to 14 post-surgery. There were no significant changes in the tests of identity discrimination, discrimination of emotional faces, naming of emotional faces, recognition of emotional prosody, and naming of emotional prosody after STN-DBS. The results of emotion tests could not predict the development of the neuropsychiatric symptoms.