In breast adipose fibroblasts, increased TNF production may induce the distal aromatase promoter, whereas increased local PGE(2) production may induce the proximal promoter region. We review here the mechanisms that control aromatase gene expression in breast adipose tissue, and the paracrine interactions between malignant breast epithelial cells and the surrounding adipose fibroblasts. Systematic characterization of these signaling pathways will
Repotrectinib ic50 facilitate the identification of potential drug targets to selectively reduce aromatase expression and excessive estrogen production, with therapeutic benefit.”
“The long-term effect of regular cannabis use on brain function underlying cognitive control remains equivocal. Cognitive control abilities are thought to have a major role in everyday functioning, and their dysfunction has been implicated in the maintenance of
maladaptive drug-taking patterns. In this study, the Multi-Source Interference Task was employed alongside functional magnetic resonance imaging and psychophysiological interaction methods to investigate functional interactions between brain regions underlying cognitive control. Current cannabis users with a history of greater than 10 years of daily or near-daily cannabis smoking (n = 21) were compared with age, gender, and IQ-matched non-using controls (n = 21). No differences in behavioral performance or magnitude of task-related brain activations were evident between the groups. However, greater connectivity between the prefrontal selleck products cortex and the occipitoparietal cortex was evident in cannabis users, as compared with controls, as cognitive control demands increased. The magnitude of this connectivity Sodium butyrate was positively associated with age of onset and lifetime exposure to cannabis. These findings suggest that brain regions responsible for coordinating behavioral control have an increased influence on the direction and switching of attention in cannabis users, and that these changes may have a compensatory role in mitigating
cannabis-related impairments in cognitive control or perceptual processes. Neuropsychopharmacology (2012) 37, 1923-1933; doi:10.1038/npp.2012.39; published online 25 April 2012″
“Accumulated evidence suggests a role for histamine in cognition and the use of H(3) receptor antagonists in the treatment of learning and memory disorders.
The aim of the current study was to investigate the cognition enhancing properties of ciproxifan, an H(3) receptor antagonist, after natural forgetting in normal adult rats.
The novel object discrimination task, a recognition memory test based on spontaneous exploratory behaviour, was used. Briefly, rats exposed to two identical objects during an acquisition trial can discriminate between a novel object and a familiar one during a subsequent choice trial after a short delay but not after a 24-h inter-trial interval.
The scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced impairment after a short delay was abolished by ciproxifan (p < 0.001).