Based on the current literature, it is clear that TLM is increasingly becoming part of the treatment paradigm for laryngeal tumors throughout the world and represents an alternative to definitive EBRT that offers equivalent local control and functional outcomes. SN-38 supplier advanced Laryngeal Cancer In recent years, an increasing number of centers have reported experience with TLM in advanced laryngeal disease (Table 1).8,16,25–28 Although data are primarily obtained Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical from retrospective patient cohorts, there appear to be significant data to support utilization of TLM in the setting of

advanced laryngeal cancer. Although Pukander and Zhang reported the outcomes for patients with advanced disease as part of larger cohorts, Vilaseca et al. evaluated outcomes in 147 patients with T3 laryngeal tumors following TLM treatment.29 Overall survival in this patient group at 5 years was 53%. Neck dissection was performed in 66% of patients, and 25% of patients required adjuvant irradiation of the primary Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical site, while 12% required irradiation of the neck. Over one-third of patients experienced local recurrence which required

additional TLM, open partial laryngectomy, and salvage total laryngectomy in 9%, 9%, and 81.8% of patients, respectively. Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Table 1. Clinical Outcomes for Advanced Laryngeal Cancer Treated with TLM. More recently, Canis et al. also analyzed outcomes for patients with advanced disease stage (T3) treated with TLM.8 Tumors were relatively evenly divided into glottic and supraglottic (54% versus 46%). Patients were treated by TLM with (63%) or without selective neck dissection. Eighteen percent of patients required postoperative EBRT, which is not surprising given the stage of the primary tumors Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical and the percent of tumors which were supraglottic in origin. Disease-free and overall survival

at 5 years were 63% and 64.4%, respectively. Complications Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical related to treatment included six temporary tracheostomy tubes, two permanent tracheostomy tubes, and three permanent gastrostomy tubes. It is important to note that although this is by far the largest cohort of patients treated with TLM for advanced disease published to date, it spans a period from 1980 to 2006. Since treatment was provided by a group led by one of the developers of TLM (Steiner), these data may represent the very best of what can be expected using this treatment paradigm. These data are largely consistent with data Chlormezanone reported earlier in 1998 by Iro et al. which demonstrated disease-free survival at 5 years of 76% for stage III disease treated with surgery alone and 69% for disease treated with surgery and adjuvant radiation; disease-free survival for stage IV disease treated with surgery alone versus surgery and adjuvant radiation was 100% and 49%, respectively.26 The analysis of T3 tumors was extended in a parallel manuscript by this group.